Agrégateur de flux

Assurance de personnes

Architecte entrepreneur

Expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique

Assurance dommage

Cour d'appel de Paris, 9 avril 2019

Tribunal correctionnel de Pontoise, 5 avril 2019

Pourvoi c/ cour d'appel de Bastia, Chambre correctionnelle, 21 novembre 2018

Pourvoi c/ Cour d'appel de Versailles, 19 décembre 2010

Quand la justice française saisit des biens issus de la corruption internationale, le produit revient au budget de l’état français, y compris quand il s’agit de biens spoliés à des pays pauvres. Une situation inique que des sénateurs veulent modifier.

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La cour d’appel de Paris vient de revoir son organisation en matière de suivi des affaires de cybercriminalité, un contentieux complexe en essor.

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Représentation des salariés - Election professionnelle

Entreprises en difficulté

Cour d'assises

Saisies

Chose jugée

In C-464/18 ZX v Ryanair, the CJEU last week succinctly held on branch jurisdiction (Article 7(5)) and on voluntary appearance under Article 26.

The Court first reminds readers of the exclusion of simple contracts of transport (as opposed to combined tickets /package travel) from the consumer title of the Regulation: aee Article 17(3): the consumer title ‘shall not apply to a contract of transport other than a contract which, for an inclusive price, provides for a combination of travel and accommodation’.

Surprisingly perhaps (and /or due to lobbying), this did not come up for amendment in the recent Recast, despite the massive increase on travel tickets bought online in particular since transport was first carved out from the consumer title in the Brussels Convention. At 160 the Jenard Report explains the carve-out by reference to international agreements – yet these too could probably do with a refit – but I am straying.

The Court also reminds us that the flight compensation Regulation 261/2004 does not contain conflict of laws rules – these remain subject to the general instruments.

To the case at hand then: ZX purchased a ticket online for a flight operated by Ryanair between Porto (Portugal) and Barcelona (Spain). Applicant  is neither domiciled nor resident in Spain, defendant has its registered office in Ireland, and has a branch in Girona (Spain). ZX, the passenger, did not justify jurisdiction pro Girona on the basis of forum contractus. Per C‑204/08 Rehder, this would have been place of arrival or departure.

Branch jurisdiction per Article 7(5) featured most recently in C-27/17 flyLAL, and is quite clearly not engaged here: the ticket was purchased online. There is no element in the order for reference indicating that the transport contract was concluded through that branch. Furthermore, the services provided by the branch of Ryanair in Girona appear to be related to tax matters.

That leaves Article 26: how and when may it justify the international jurisdiction of the court seised by virtue of a tacit acceptance of jurisdiction, on the ground that the defendant in the main proceedings does not oppose that court having jurisdiction? The case-file reveals that following the invitation from the registry of that court to submit observations on the possible international jurisdiction of that court, Ryanair failed to submit written observations. The Court finds this does not amount to tacit acceptance.

Article 26 requires that the defendant enter an appearance. However what exactly this requires hitherto I believe to quite a degree has been subject to lex fori – particularly the local procedural law. One might have expected a more extensive CJEU consideration e.g. revisiting 119/84 Capelloni v Pelkmans.

A missed opportunity.

Geert.

(Handbook of) EU Private international law, 2nd ed. 2016, Chapter 2, Heading 2.2.7.

La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a déclaré irrecevable la requête de Nicolas Bonnemaison.

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Si la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne ne condamne pas directement les modalités de calcul du temps de travail maximum des policiers français, ses exigences risquent de contraindre la France à le revoir.

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Peines