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Article 222-33-2 du code pénal

Cour de cassation française - Tue, 06/23/2015 - 16:29

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

All Member States of the European Union to accept the accession of Singapore and Andorra to the Hague Child Abduction Convention

Aldricus - Tue, 06/23/2015 - 15:00

On 15 June 2015, the Council of the European Union adopted a decision authorising certain Member States to accept, in the interest of the European Union, the accession of Andorra to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, and an analogous decision regarding the acceptance of the accession of Singapore to the same Convention (publication of both decisions in the Official Journal is pending).

The two decisions rest on Opinion 1/13 of 14 October 2014. In this Opinion, the ECJ — having regard to Regulation No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility (Brussels IIa) — stated that the declarations of acceptance under the Hague Child Abduction Convention fall within the exclusive external competence of the Union.

Before the ECJ rendered this Opinion, some Member States had already accepted the accession of Andorra and Singapore. Presumably, they did so on the assumption that the European Union was not vested with an exclusive competence in this respect and that, accordingly, each Member State was free to decide whether to become bound by the Convention vis-à-vis individual acceding third countries, as provided by Article 38(3) of the Convention itself (for an updated overview of the accessions to the Convention and the acceptances thereof, see this page in the website of the Hague Conference on Private International Law).

The two Council decisions of 15 June 2015 are addressed only to the Member States that have not already accepted the accession of Andorra and Singapore, respectively. In fact, the Council preferred not to question in light of Opinion 1/13 the legitimacy of ‘old’ declarations made by Member States, and noted, with pragmatism, that a decision regarding the acceptance of the two accessions was only needed with respect to the remaining Member States.

In two identical statements included in the minutes of the above Council decisions (see here and here), the European Commission regretted that the decisions “cover only the Member States which have not yet accepted Andorra and Singapore”, so that “the Member States which proceeded to accept third States’ accessions in the past are not covered by any authorisation by the Union, which is in principle necessary pursuant to Article 2(1) TFEU” (according to the latter provision, “when the Treaties confer on the Union exclusive competence in a specific area, only the Union may legislate and adopt legally binding acts, the Member States being able to do so themselves only if so empowered by the Union or for the implementation of Union acts”).

In its statements, the Commission also stressed “that any future acceptance by Member States of the accession of a third country must be covered by a prior authorisation”.

All Member States of the European Union to accept the accession of Singapore and Andorra to the Hague Child Abduction Convention

Conflictoflaws - Tue, 06/23/2015 - 15:00

On 15 June 2015, the Council of the European Union adopted a decision authorising certain Member States to accept, in the interest of the European Union, the accession of Andorra to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, and an analogous decision regarding the acceptance of the accession of Singapore to the same Convention (publication of both decisions in the Official Journal is pending).

The two decisions rest on Opinion 1/13 of 14 October 2014. In this Opinion, the ECJ — having regard to Regulation No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility (Brussels IIa) — stated that the declarations of acceptance under the Hague Child Abduction Convention fall within the exclusive external competence of the Union.

Before the ECJ rendered this Opinion, some Member States had already accepted the accession of Andorra and Singapore. Presumably, they did so on the assumption that the European Union was not vested with an exclusive competence in this respect and that, accordingly, each Member State was free to decide whether to become bound by the Convention vis-à-vis individual acceding third countries, as provided by Article 38(3) of the Convention itself (for an updated overview of the accessions to the Convention and the acceptances thereof, see this page in the website of the Hague Conference on Private International Law).

The two Council decisions of 15 June 2015 are addressed only to the Member States that have not already accepted the accession of Andorra and Singapore, respectively. In fact, the Council preferred not to question in light of Opinion 1/13 the legitimacy of ‘old’ declarations made by Member States, and noted, with pragmatism, that a decision regarding the acceptance of the two accessions was only needed with respect to the remaining Member States.

In two identical statements included in the minutes of the above Council decisions (see here and here), the European Commission regretted that the decisions “cover only the Member States which have not yet accepted Andorra and Singapore”, so that “the Member States which proceeded to accept third States’ accessions in the past are not covered by any authorisation by the Union, which is in principle necessary pursuant to Article 2(1) TFEU” (according to the latter provision, “when the Treaties confer on the Union exclusive competence in a specific area, only the Union may legislate and adopt legally binding acts, the Member States being able to do so themselves only if so empowered by the Union or for the implementation of Union acts”).

In its statements, the Commission also stressed “that any future acceptance by Member States of the accession of a third country must be covered by a prior authorisation”.

Article 186 du code de procédure pénale

Cour de cassation française - Tue, 06/23/2015 - 13:29

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Article 434-7-2 du Code de procédure pénale

Cour de cassation française - Tue, 06/23/2015 - 13:29

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Article 114 du code de procédure pénale

Cour de cassation française - Tue, 06/23/2015 - 13:29

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Article 99 du code de procédure pénale

Cour de cassation française - Tue, 06/23/2015 - 13:29

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Building the legal infrastructure of the Digital Single Market – A conference in Brussels

Conflictoflaws - Tue, 06/23/2015 - 08:00

A conference organised by AIGA, the Italian Association of Young Lawyers, will take place on 2 July 2015 in Brussels, in the Paul-Henri Spaak building of the European Parliament, to discuss the legal aspects of the Digital Single Market (the creation of which is one of the ten priorities of the European Commission presided by Jean-Claude Juncker).

The conference, which is titled Building the legal infrastructure of the Digital Single Market, will consist of three sessions.

The first session, Setting the policy framework, will be chaired by Hans Schulte-Nölke of the University of Osnabrück. It will feature presentations by Gintare Surblyte of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition in Munich (Internet and Regulation: the debate on Net Neutrality) and Oreste Pollicino of the Bocconi University of Milan (The sense of the Court of Justice of the European Union for digital privacy: interpretation or manipulation?).

Michael Lehmann of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition will chair the second session, devoted to A European law for digital contents: the challenge of harmonisation. It will feature presentations by Johannes Druschel of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Digital contents under the European Sales Law) and Alberto De Franceschi of the University of Ferrara (The issue of digital contents after the Consumer Rights Directive – The ‘button solution’ and the right of withdrawal).

Under the title Managing legal diversity within the Digital Single Market, the third session, chaired by Francisco Garcimartín Alférez of the Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, will address some private international law issues relating to the functioning of the Digital Single Market. Presentations will be delivered by Lorna E. Gillies of the University of Leicester (Cross-border online digital service contracts: Which court decides ? What law applies?) and Pietro Franzina of the University of Ferrara (Localising digital torts: settled and open issues).

Admittance is free, but, for security reasons, those wishing to attend the conference must send an e-mail by Wednesday, 24 June 2015 to Mario Galluppi di Cirella, Vice-President of the AIGA Foundation, at mariodicirella@hotmail.com. The seating capacity of the conference room is limited. Successful applicants will receive a confirmation by 27 June 2015.

The poster of the conference may be downloaded here.

Building the legal infrastructure of the Digital Single Market – A conference in Brussels

Aldricus - Tue, 06/23/2015 - 08:00

A conference organised by AIGA, the Italian Association of Young Lawyers, will take place on 2 July 2015 in Brussels, in the Paul-Henri Spaak building of the European Parliament, to discuss the legal aspects of the Digital Single Market (the creation of which is one of the ten priorities of the European Commission presided by Jean-Claude Juncker).

The conference, which is titled Building the legal infrastructure of the Digital Single Market, will consist of three sessions.

The first session, Setting the policy framework, will be chaired by Hans Schulte-Nölke of the University of Osnabrück. It will feature presentations by Gintare Surblyte of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition in Munich (Internet and Regulation: the debate on Net Neutrality) and Oreste Pollicino of the Bocconi University of Milan (The sense of the Court of Justice of the European Union for digital privacy: interpretation or manipulation?).

Michael Lehmann of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition will chair the second session, devoted to A European law for digital contents: the challenge of harmonisation. It will feature presentations by Johannes Druschel of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Digital contents under the European Sales Law) and Alberto De Franceschi of the University of Ferrara (The issue of digital contents after the Consumer Rights Directive – The ‘button solution’ and the right of withdrawal).

Under the title Managing legal diversity within the Digital Single Market, the third session, chaired by Francisco Garcimartín Alférez of the Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, will address some private international law issues relating to the functioning of the Digital Single Market. Presentations will be delivered by Lorna E. Gillies of the University of Leicester (Cross-border online digital service contracts: Which court decides ? What law applies?) and Pietro Franzina of the University of Ferrara (Localising digital torts: settled and open issues).

Admittance is free, but, for security reasons, those wishing to attend the conference must send an e-mail by Wednesday, 24 June 2015 to Mario Galluppi di Cirella, Vice-President of the AIGA Foundation, at mariodicirella@hotmail.com. The seating capacity of the conference room is limited. Successful applicants will be notified by 27 June 2015.

The poster of the conference may be downloaded here.

Articles 696-23 et 696-11 du code de procédure pénale

Cour de cassation française - Mon, 06/22/2015 - 19:26

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Article 181 alinéa 8 et 9 du code de procédure pénale

Cour de cassation française - Mon, 06/22/2015 - 19:26

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Article 706-71 du code de procédure pénale

Cour de cassation française - Mon, 06/22/2015 - 19:26

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Article L. 4614-13, 2 ème alinéa, et L. 4742-1 du code du travail

Cour de cassation française - Mon, 06/22/2015 - 19:26

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Article 84-1 de la loi du 13 juillet 1967

Cour de cassation française - Mon, 06/22/2015 - 19:26

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Articles 647 et 647-1 du code de procédure pénale

Cour de cassation française - Mon, 06/22/2015 - 19:26

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Article 742 du code de procédure pénale

Cour de cassation française - Mon, 06/22/2015 - 19:26

Non renvoyée au Conseil constitutionnel

Categories: Flux français

Harmonization of Private International Law in the Caribbean (book)

Conflictoflaws - Mon, 06/22/2015 - 14:50

It is my pleasure to announce the release of this work aiming at the preparation of a Model Law OHADAC of private international law. The project has been carried out thanks to the cooperation between ACP Legal, based in Guadeloupe (France), and the entity Iprolex, SL, Madrid, financed by European funds from the INTERREG project for actions in the field of harmonization of business law in the Caribbean.

The initiative began with the establishment of a team led by experts from Spain, France and Cuba: Prof. Dr. Santiago Álvarez González (Santiago de Compostela), Prof. Dr. Bertrand Ancel (Paris II), Prof. Dr. Pedro A. de Miguel Asensio (Complutense, Madrid), Prof. Dr. Rodolfo Dávalos Fernández (La Habana), and Prof. Dr. José Carlos Fernandez Rozas, (Complutense, Madrid). In carrying out this ambitious project Iprolex, SL has also benefited from the support of a large group of specialists who have worked along three distinct stages for a period of over a year.

In the book the preparatory works in view of the Model Law are preceded by in-depth studies on the various systems involved: Jose Maria DEL RIO VILLO, Rhonson SALIM and James WHITE: “Private International Law in the Commonwealth Caribbean and British Overseas Territories”; Bertrand ANCEL, “Départements et collectivités territoriales françaises dans l’espace caraïbe”; Lukas RASS–MASSON, “Enquête sur le droit international privé des territoires de l’Ohadac – l’héritage des Pays–Bas”; José Luis MARÍN FUENTES, “Caracteres generales del sistema de Derecho internacional privado colombiano”, Patricia OREJUDO PRIETO DE LOS MOZOS, “Le droit international privé colombien et le projet de Loi modèle de l’Ohadac”; José Carlos FERNÁNDEZ ROZAS y Rodolfo DÁVALOS FERNÁNDEZ, “El Derecho internacional privado de Cuba”; Enrique LINARES RODRÍGUEZ, “Le droit international prive du Nicaragua et le projet de loi modèle de l’Ohadac”; Ana FERNÁNDEZ PÉREZ, “El Derecho internacional privado de Puerto Rico: un modelo de americanización malgré lui”; José Carlos FERNÁNDEZ ROZAS, “Pourquoi la République Dominicaine a–t–elle besoin d’une loi de droit international prive ?”; Claudia MADRID MARTÍNEZ, “Características generales del sistema de Derecho internacional privado venezolano”.

The volume, written in Spanish, French and English and conceived as a combination of structured reflections and general proposals at a time, aims to achieve two main objectives. The first one is to consistently gather quantitative data and qualitative information in view of an assessment of already existing instruments that may be useful for optimizing the codification of private international law in the Caribbean geographical context. The second objective is to identify the need, social or institutional demands that must be met by a regulation, evaluating its legal and substantive feasibility and setting up the materials, steps and reports which are deemed appropriate to reach the final aim.

The great political and economic importance of the proposed Model Law, together with the fact that the regulation is complex and very broad, suggests that the involvement of stakeholders (through lobbies or directly), being crucial, may prove insufficient or incomplete. For this reason, public dissemination of the Draft is essential in order to make it known and to invite all agents or individuals interested in participating to express their views, opinions or propositions about a possible adjustment of the work while in progress. The following email address has been set for this purposes: iprolex@iprolex.com.

The deliberations that will start after the release of Draft will be vital: they will provide a sufficient perspective of the views and concerns expressed, thus allowing moving on to elaborate a final proposal, which will then be submitted to the corresponding legislative process.

Armonización del Derecho Internacional Privado en el Caribe.  L’harmonisation du Droit International Privé dans le Caraïbe – Harmonization of Private International Law in the Caribbean. Estudios y materiales preparatorios y proyecto de Ley Modelo OHADAC de derecho internacional privado de 2014, Madrid, Iprolex, 20015, 687 pp. ISBN: 978-84-941055-2-4.

ILA French Branch/Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs/ERA Conference: “INTERNATIONAL LAW AND EUROPEAN UNION LAW – Harmony and Dissonance in International and European Business Law Practice”

Conflictoflaws - Mon, 06/22/2015 - 14:11

Professor Catherine Kessedjian, President of the French Branch of the International Law Association (ILA), is organising an international conference on “INTERNATIONAL LAW AND EUROPEAN UNION LAW – Harmony and Dissonance in International and European Business Law Practice” in conjunction with the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Academy of European Law (ERA) which will take place on 24 and 25 September 2015 in Trier (Germany).
The aim of this conference is to provide legal practitioners with a comprehensive overview and high-level discussions on key topics and recent developments affecting their daily practice at the crossroads of international law and EU law.
Key topics include:
– EU/Member States and international law: who does what? Issues relating to international negotiations, international responsibility, representation in international litigation, international law as a standard of review in CJEU case-law;
– The international dispute resolution mechanism jigsaw: Litigation before European courts: private parties’ access to the ECtHR and the CJEU, equivalent protection system;
– Brussels I and the arbitration exception, primacy of the New York Convention, parallel proceedings and conflicting court and arbitral decisions, recent EU case-law (C-536/13, Gazprom and C-352/13, CDC), 2015 entry into force of the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements: changes and coordination;
– Relationship between ISDS and national judicial systems, protection of the State’s right to regulate and legitimate public policy objectives, establishment and functioning of arbitral tribunals, review of ISDS decisions by bilateral or multilateral appellate mechanisms;
– UN, EU and State sanctions: role and effectiveness, (extra-)territorial scope, impact on fundamental rights and judicial review by the ECtHR (Nada and Al Dulimi) and by the CJEU (Kadi and recent cases), impact on international sales contracts.

It should be noted that the conference fee for members of the ILA is reduced to 100 €.

Further information is available here and here.

Il divorzio di una coppia italo-marocchina in una recente sentenza del Tribunale di Firenze

Aldricus - Mon, 06/22/2015 - 08:15

Con sentenza depositata il 15 giugno 2015, il Tribunale di Firenze si è pronunciato su una domanda di scioglimento del matrimonio presentata con ricorso congiunto da una donna italiana e dal marito di cittadinanza italiana e marocchina.

I coniugi — non previamente separati, senza prole — avevano dato atto nella domanda di aver rinunciato, l’uno nei confronti dell’altro, a qualsiasi pretesa economica avente causa nel vincolo coniugale.

La decisione dedica poche battute alla questione della competenza giurisdizionale. La giurisdizione, si afferma, “appartiene al giudice italiano dal momento che la vita familiare si è svolta in Italia e che il marito ha la doppia cittadinanza, mentre la moglie è cittadina italiana”.

Questa terminologia sembra evocare gli articoli 31 e 32 della legge 31 maggio 1995 n. 218, di riforma del sistema italiano di diritto internazionale privato. Tali norme, in realtà, sono prive di rilievo ai fini della verifica della giurisdizione in un caso come quello in esame. L’art. 31 della legge è irrilevante perché si tratta di una norma di per sé deputata a risolvere un conflitto di leggi, non a delimitare l’ambito della giurisdizione italiana. L’art. 32 è irrilevante perché, negli Stati membri dell’Unione europea, il ricorso alle norme interne che disciplinano la giurisdizione in materia matrimoniale è oramai consentito solo alle condizioni di cui agli articoli 6 e 7 del regolamento n. 2201/2003 (Bruxelles II bis), estranee al caso di specie.

La conclusione cui perviene il Tribunale, in punto di giurisdizione, coincide comunque con quella desumibile dal regolamento ora citato, e segnatamente dall’art. 3, par. 1, lett. a), trovandosi in Italia, come si evince dalla sentenza, la residenza (abituale?) di entrambi i coniugi (si noti che, in caso di domanda congiunta, il giudice adito può dichiararsi provvisto di giurisdizione quando risieda abitualmente nel paese del foro anche uno solo dei coniugi: così il quarto trattino della disposizione menzionata da ultimo).

Affermatosi competente a pronunciarsi sulla domanda di scioglimento del matrimonio, il Tribunale di Firenze non sembra interrogarsi sulla propria legittimazione a prendere cognizione anche dei connessi profili alimentari.

Il quesito, ad avviso di chi scrive, avrebbe invece meritato di essere affrontato in modo specifico. Sembra infatti di capire che i coniugi — lungi dall’escludere dall’oggetto del processo, con le proprie reciproche rinunce, gli aspetti patrimoniali della crisi — abbiano chiesto al giudice di dichiarare lo scioglimento del vincolo alle condizioni economiche da essi pattuite. Ne è prova il dispositivo della sentenza, che pronuncia il divorzio, per l’appunto, “alle condizioni stabilite dalle parti con il ricorso”.

Una simile statuizione presuppone la sussistenza in capo al giudice adito di uno specifico titolo di giurisdizione, ulteriore e diverso rispetto a quello ricavato dal regolamento Bruxelles II bis, dato che tale regolamento espressamente esclude le obbligazioni alimentari, nel suo art. 1, par. 3, lett. e), dalla propria sfera di applicazione materiale.

Anche sotto questo aspetto, peraltro, la decisione fiorentina perviene a una conclusione conforme alle norme pertinenti, da identificarsi nel regolamento n. 4/2009 sulle obbligazioni alimentari, risultando perfezionato nel caso di specie più di uno dei titoli di giurisdizione previsti in tale strumento.

Venendo ai conflitti di leggi, il Tribunale identifica anzitutto la normativa pertinente nel regolamento n. 1259/2010 sulla legge applicabile al divorzio e alla separazione personale (Roma III).

Si legge nelle motivazioni che, nei giorni immediatamente precedenti la presentazione del ricorso, i coniugi avevano convenuto, tramite scrittura privata, di assoggettare il divorzio alla legge marocchina.

Il Tribunale, rilevata la validità formale dell’accordo ai sensi dell’art. 7 del regolamento Roma III, ritiene che la scelta della legge marocchina rientri fra le opzioni offerte ai coniugi dall’art. 5 dello stesso regolamento, prevedendosi in particolare all’art. 5, par. 1, lett. c), che una scelta di legge possa cadere, in questo campo, su “la legge dello Stato di cui uno dei coniugi ha la cittadinanza al momento della conclusione dell’accordo”.

Sul punto, la sentenza non sembra attribuire alcun rilievo al fatto che il marito, al momento dell’accordo, possedesse, oltre alla cittadinanza marocchina, anche la cittadinanza italiana.

Il passaggio avrebbe forse meritato una riflessione. Il regolamento Roma III omette, infatti, di chiarire come vadano intesi i riferimenti che esso fa allo status civitatis dei coniugi allorché questi possiedano due o più cittadinanze. Nel considerando n. 22 del regolamento si legge che quando, “ai fini dell’applicazione della legge di uno Stato, il presente regolamento si riferisce alla cittadinanza quale fattore di collegamento, la problematica dei casi di cittadinanza plurima dovrebbe essere disciplinata dalla legislazione nazionale, nel pieno rispetto dei principi generali dell’Unione europea”.

Difficile, alla luce di ciò, in un caso di doppia cittadinanza che coinvolga la cittadinanza di uno Stato membro e quella di uno Stato terzo, eludere in Italia la questione della rilevanza, o meno, dell’art. 19, comma 2, della legge n. 218/1995, ai sensi del quale, se la persona a cui è riferito il criterio di collegamento possiede più cittadinanze, “si applica la legge di quello tra gli Stati di appartenenza con il quale essa ha il collegamento più stretto”, con la precisazione che, se tra queste cittadinanze vi è quella italiana, “questa prevale”.

Ricercando nel diritto marocchino le norme che fissano i presupposti dello scioglimento del matrimonio, il Tribunale di Firenze rileva che l’art. 114 del Codice marocchino della persona e della famiglia (Mudawwana), del 2004, consente ai coniugi di chiedere di comune accordo lo scioglimento del vincolo coniugale sul solo fondamento della comune volontà di porre fine alla relazione. Il divorzio, in base alle norme marocchine considerate dal Tribunale, può essere chiesto con o senza condizioni, purché tali condizioni non siano in contrasto con le norme del Codice e non siano incompatibili con gli interessi dei figli.

Il diritto del Marocco, osserva il Tribunale, prefigura dunque la possibilità di un immediato scioglimento del matrimonio senza preventiva separazione e senza che occorra accertare la sussistenza di “motivi specifici che giustifichino la recisione del vincolo coniugale”.

La decisione fiorentina ritiene di poter trarre dal diritto marocchino anche le indicazioni pertinenti per pronunciarsi sulle condizioni economiche del divorzio (e dunque, nella specie, sull’ammissibilità delle reciproche rinunce fatte constare dai coniugi). Senonché, analogamente al regolamento Bruxelles II bis, anche il regolamento Roma III dichiara, all’art. 1, par. 2, lett. g), di non volersi occupare di obbligazioni alimentari, lasciando ogni determinazione in proposito al citato regolamento n. 4/2009 (che la sentenza non cita neppure a questo proposito). Quest’ultimo, per quanto concerne i conflitti di leggi, rinvia, facendolo proprio, al protocollo dell’Aja del 23 novembre 2007 sulla legge applicabile alle obbligazioni alimentari.

Il protocollo dell’Aja, all’art. 8, par. 1, lett. a), permette alle parti del rapporto alimentare di assoggettare convenzionalmente la propria relazione alla legge del paese di cittadinanza di uno di loro (qui il riferimento è a “the law of any State of which either party is a national”, così risultando superato ogni dubbio circa la possibilità di designare una qualsiasi delle leges patriae di uno dei coniugi, quale che sia l’orientamento del diritto internazionale privato del foro circa il funzionamento del criterio della cittadinanza in caso di bipolidi). Non si può dunque escludere che nel caso di specie il Tribunale di Firenze possa aver rinvenuto nell’atto di optio iuris formato dai coniugi agli effetti dell’art. 5 del regolamento Roma III anche una scelta di legge ai sensi dell’art. 8 del protocollo (peraltro, dato che il protocollo sembra ammettere solo delle designazioni espresse, una simile conclusione avrebbe comunque richiesto un riscontro sicuro nella scrittura prodotta dai coniugi).

Anche così, peraltro, il riferimento alla lex patriae del marito suscita in questo caso qualche perplessità. L’art. 8, par. 4, del protocollo dispone infatti che, nonostante la designazione operata convenzionalmente dalle parti ai sensi dell’art. 8, par. 1, la questione della rinunciabilità del diritto al mantenimento va decisa secondo “the law of the State of the habitual residence of the creditor at the time of the designation”, vale a dire — assumendo ancora una volta che i coniugi possedessero in Italia la “residenza abituale” di cui parla il protocollo — secondo la legge italiana.

In realtà, nella decisione, che non richiama il protocollo, si fa questione dell’ammissibilità delle rinunce consentite dai coniugi in base ai parametri del diritto italiano, ma tale verifica viene condotta dal Tribunale secondo lo schema della eccezione di ordine pubblico (per pervenire alla conclusione, non sorprendente, che le rinunce in questione non contrastano con i principi fondamentali dell’ordinamento italiano).

Per quanto questo modo di procedere mal si concili con i dati normativi pertinenti (un conto è fare applicazione di una certa legge in quanto legge richiamata dalla pertinente norma di conflitto per decidere una data questione, un altro conto è accertare se i principi fondamentali di quella legge sono pregiudicati dal ricorso a una diversa legge, ritenuta applicabile al caso di specie), sembra possibile concludere che, anche in relazione a questo profilo, gli esiti del ragionamento del collegio fiorentino non differiscano, nel caso in esame, da quelli a cui si sarebbe verosimilmente pervenuti applicando l’art. 8, par. 4, del protocollo.

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