Flux européens

Efler e.a. / Commission
Droit institutionnel
Le Tribunal de l’UE annule la décision de la Commission refusant l’enregistrement de la proposition d’initiative citoyenne européenne « Stop TTIP »

Efler e.a. / Commission
Droit institutionnel
Le Tribunal de l’UE annule la décision de la Commission refusant l’enregistrement de la proposition d’initiative citoyenne européenne « Stop TTIP »

Chavez-Vilchez e.a.
Citoyenneté européenne
Un ressortissant d’un pays non UE peut, en sa qualité de parent d’un enfant mineur possédant la citoyenneté européenne, se prévaloir d’un droit de séjour dérivé dans l’Union

Chavez-Vilchez e.a.
Citoyenneté européenne
Un ressortissant d’un pays non UE peut, en sa qualité de parent d’un enfant mineur possédant la citoyenneté européenne, se prévaloir d’un droit de séjour dérivé dans l’Union

Thank you Dentons for flagging 2016 ONCA 836 Cook v 1293037 Alberta Ltd, on the application of the forum of necessity or forum necessitatis doctrine in the Canadian courts. A doctrine which in some way or another allows a court to be used as court of last resort, should no other court be reasonably be available to plaintiff. Those States which do have it (Belgium, for instance: In Article 11 of its Statute; readers of the blog will also remember the EC suggested its introduction in the Brussels I Recast (Article 26 of COM(2010)748), but failed) all insist the jurisdictional trigger can only be exercised in the most exceptional of circumstance.

Cook v 129…Alberta is a good illustration of this exceptional nature. The Canadian Supreme Court set out the conditions in 2012 SCC 17 Van Breda v Village Resorts Ltd. Appellants had made a tactical decision not to bring their action in Alberta, the natural forum of the case. The limitation period for bringing the action in Alberta has now expired. They should under the circumstance not be allowed to bring the action in Ontario.

Does someone somewhere have an (undoubtedly slim) catalogue of those forum necessitatis actions which did succeed?

Geert.

(Handbook of) European private international law, 2nd ed.2016, Chapter 2, Heading 2.2.4 (p.68.)

 

El Dakkak et Intercontinental
Espace de liberté, sécurité et justice
L’obligation de déclarer toute somme liquide supérieure à 10 000 euros s’applique dans les zones internationales de transit des aéroports situés sur le territoire des États membres de l’UE

El Dakkak et Intercontinental
Espace de liberté, sécurité et justice
L’obligation de déclarer toute somme liquide supérieure à 10 000 euros s’applique dans les zones internationales de transit des aéroports situés sur le territoire des États membres de l’UE

Commission / Luxembourg
Fiscalité TVA
Le Luxembourg a transposé de manière trop extensive les règles de la directive TVA sur les groupements autonomes de personnes

Commission / Luxembourg
Fiscalité TVA
Le Luxembourg a transposé de manière trop extensive les règles de la directive TVA sur les groupements autonomes de personnes

Vanderborght
Rapprochement des législations
Une interdiction générale et absolue de toute publicité pour des prestations de soins buccaux et dentaires est incompatible avec le droit de l’Union

Vanderborght
Rapprochement des législations
Une interdiction générale et absolue de toute publicité pour des prestations de soins buccaux et dentaires est incompatible avec le droit de l’Union

Pešková et Peška
Transport
La collision entre un avion et un oiseau constitue une circonstance extraordinaire qui peut exempter le transporteur aérien de son obligation d’indemnisation en cas de retard important du vol

Pešková et Peška
Transport
La collision entre un avion et un oiseau constitue une circonstance extraordinaire qui peut exempter le transporteur aérien de son obligation d’indemnisation en cas de retard important du vol

Erzberger
DISC
Selon l’avocat général Saugmandsgaard Øe, la loi allemande sur la codétermination est compatible avec le droit de l’Union

Erzberger
DISC
Selon l’avocat général Saugmandsgaard Øe, la loi allemande sur la codétermination est compatible avec le droit de l’Union

It is one of the pinnacle theories of conflict of laws and when first introducing students to it, they almost invariably respond glassy-eyed. Renvoi has an unlimited ability to surprise parties and courts alike. It is best excluded, either by Statute, or by the parties, but frankly to be on the safe side: always and everywhere best by both. (Lest there are well considered arguments not to do so in a specific instance. As readers of my book now, the Brussels I Recast provisions on renvoi for choice of court (complicating less fori prorogati) is not such an instance: Handbook 2016, p.128-129, Heading 2.2.9.4.2).

At issue in Dankor [Dancor Construction, Inc. v. FXR Construction, Inc., 2016 IL App (2d) 150839] was the choice of court and governing law clause cited by the court at 44:

“The parties agree that this agreement was executed in Kane County, Illinois and shall be governed by the law of the State of Illinois. Any claims, lawsuits, disputes or claims arising out of or relating to this agreement shall be litigated in Kane County, Illinois.”

This clause could be a boilerplate or midnight clause except those routinely do exclude renvoi. ‘The law of the State of Illinois’ in the clause would then be followed by ‘excluding its choice of law rules’ or something of the kind. Why it was dropped here is entirely unclear. As Clifford Shapiro writes ‘So what happens when an Illinois general contractor fires a New York subcontractor who was working on a New York project under a subcontract that required Illinois law to apply and litigation to take place in Illinois? Unfortunately for litigants, what can happen is nearly three years of jurisdictional litigation in both New York and Illinois, and then dismissal of the Illinois case less than 60 days before trial with an order directing the case to be re-filed in New York.’

As the court notes (at 69) choice of court and choice of governing law are separate issues (for that reason they are als best deal with in clearly separated contractual clauses). Relevant precedent for the validity of the former is Rieker 378 Ill. App. 3d 77, 86 (2007). Applying Rieker, and following Section 187(2) of the Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws, the Court held (reference is best made to Clifford’s summary or to the judgment itself) that New York law applied to the validity of the clause, leading to its being void: New York law mandatorily prohibits application of another State’s law or litigation outside of the State for New York construction projects (Illinois incidentally has a mirror provision).

Need one say more? Renvoi is always best excluded. It would not necessarily have made this clause enforceable: ordre public discussions could always still be raised. However it sure as anything would have made the validity of the clause much more likely.

Geert.

(Handbook of) EU Private international law, 2nd ed. 2016, Chapter 1, Heading 1.4).

 

Recognition of Foreign Administrative Acts, edited by / a cura di J. Rodríguez-Arana Munoz, M. Garcìa Pérez, J.J. Perna Garcìa, C. Aymerich Cano, Springer, 2016, ISBN 9783319189741, pp. 388, EUR 135,19.

This book presents an analysis of the concept of the administrative act and its classification as ‘foreign’, and studies the administrative procedure for adopting administrative acts in a range of countries in and outside Europe. While focusing on the recognition and execution of foreign administrative acts, the book examines the validity, efficacy and enforceability of foreign administrative acts at national level. The book starts with a general analysis of the issue, offering general conclusions about the experiences in different countries. It then analyses the aforementioned themes from the perspective of the domestic law of different European nations and a number of international organisations (European Union, MERCOSUR, and Andean Community). In addition, the book studies the role of the European Union in the progress towards the recognition and execution of foreign administrative acts, where the principle of mutual recognition plays a vital part. Finally, the book analyses the international conventions on the recognition and execution of administrative acts and on the legalisation of public documents.

 

Gerard McCormack, Andrew Keay, Sarah Brown, European Insolvency Law – Reform and Harmonization, Edward Elgar, 2017, ISBN: 9781786433305, 512 pp, GBP 95

Critically analysing the substantive law of insolvency in the EU countries as a whole, this book carries out horizontal cross-cutting analysis of the data gathered from a study of national insolvency laws. It selects particular areas for detailed discussion and considers the pros and cons of particular legislative solutions. Using the US and Norway as comparator countries, the expert authors identify areas where disparities in national laws produce problems that have impacts outside national boundaries. They analyse these against key policy goals including: improving economic performance throughout the EU; promoting a more competitive business environment; efficient asset allocation; and building more stable and sustainable human capital in terms of support for entrepreneurs and responses to consumer over-indebtedness. The book also considers possible reform and harmonization measures situated against the wider contextual background of the Capital Markets Union and the Europe 2020 agenda of promoting jobs and growth. Discerning and practical, European Insolvency Law will appeal to academics in both insolvency and finance as well as insolvency practitioners and lawyers. Its reform suggestions will be of interest to EU Member States’ government departments, while also providing a useful reference for consumer associations and debt charities.

A quick note to tickle the interest of the BIT community out there: I have come across a suggestion that recent initiatives on supply chain liability (for the notion see my earlier reblog of Penelope Bergkamp’s piece) may run counter the protection of foreign investment under Bilateral investment treaties. The analysis at issue is directed at Queensland’s chain of responsibility laws. While it is clearly a law firm’s marketing pitch (heyho, we all have to make rain somehow), the issue is real: supply chain liability laws can I suppose under circumstances qualify as regulatory takings just as any other new law.

Or can they?

Geert.

 

Andriciuc e.a.
Rapprochement des législations PROT
Selon l’avocat général Wahl, la clause d’un contrat de prêt qui prévoit le remboursement de la somme prêtée dans la devise étrangère dans laquelle le prêt a été octroyé ne constitue pas nécessairement une clause abusive