Agrégateur de flux

Whether the Singapore court has the jurisdiction or power to grant a Mareva injunction in aid of foreign court proceedings was recently considered by the Singapore High Court in PT Gunung Madu Plantations v Muhammad Jimmy Goh Mashun [2018] SGHC 64. Both plaintiff and defendant were Indonesian and the claim related to alleged breaches of duties which the defendant owed to the plaintiff. The plaintiff had obtained leave to serve the writ in Indonesia on the defendant. The defendant thereupon applied, inter alia, to set aside service of the writ and for a declaration that the court has no jurisdiction over him. In response, the plaintiff applied for a Mareva injunction against the defendant in respect of the defendant’s assets in Singapore. The plaintiff had, after the Singapore action was filed, commenced actions in Malaysia and Indonesia covering much the same allegations against the defendant.

Under Singapore law (excluding actions commenced in the Singapore International Commercial Court where different rules apply), leave to serve the writ on the defendant abroad may be granted at the court’s discretion if the plaintiff is able to show: (i) a good arguable case that the claim falls within one of the heads of Order 11 of the Rules of court; (ii) a serious issue to be tried on the merits; and (iii) Singapore is forum conveniens. On the facts, the parties were Indonesian and the alleged misconduct occurred in Indonesia. As the plaintiff was unable to satisfy the third requirement, the court discharged the order for service out the writ out of the jurisdiction. Other orders made in pursuant of the order for service out were also set aside.

On the Mareva injunction, the Singapore High Court adopted the majority approach in the Privy Council decision of Mercedes Benz v Leiduck [1996] 1 AC 284. Lord Mustill had distinguished between two questions, to be approached sequentially: first, the question of whether the court has in personam jurisdiction over the defendant; secondly, the question of whether the court has a power to grant a Mareva injunction to restrain the defendant from disposing of his local assets pending the conclusion of foreign court proceedings. Valid service is required to found in personam jurisdiction under Singapore law. In PT Gunung Madu Plantations, as in Mercedes Benz itself, as the answer to the first question was in the negative, the second question did not arise.

Justice Woo was cognisant of the difficulties caused by hewing to the traditional approach of viewing Mareva relief as strictly ancillary to local proceedings but stated ‘that is a matter that has to be left to a higher court or to the legislature’ (para 54). His Honour referenced developments in the UK and Australia, where freestanding asset freezing orders in aid of foreign proceedings are permitted. Further, the Singapore International Arbitration Act was amended in 2010 to give the court the power to grant an interim injunction in aid of a foreign arbitration. It is likely that legislative intervention will be required to develop Singapore law on this issue.

The judgment may be found here: http://www.singaporelaw.sg/sglaw/laws-of-singapore/case-law/free-law/high-court-judgments/23135-pt-gunung-madu-plantations-v-muhammad-jimmy-goh-mashun

Commission / Malte
Environnement et consommateurs
En ayant adopté un certain régime dérogatoire permettant la capture de sept espèces d’oiseaux sauvages, Malte a manqué aux obligations qui lui incombent en vertu du droit de l’Union

M
Espace de liberté, sécurité et justice
Selon l’avocat général Wathelet, les dispositions de la directive sur les réfugiés permettant à un État membre de refuser ou de révoquer le statut de réfugié sont compatibles avec le droit de l'UE

借金問題は、一般にみられる法律問題の中でも、特に多い存在といえるでしょう。借金と聞くと抵抗の感じられる方法に感じられるかもしれませんが、近年はキャッシングやカードローンと名前を変え、身近で手軽なサービスとして展開されています。それだけに、安易に利用し過ぎて身を滅ぼしてしまうような人が少なくないのです。

また、スマートフォンが普及したこともそうした一因になっているかもしれません。スマートフォンの割賦払いを延滞してしまうと、信用情報がマイナス評価されていまい、ブラック登録される可能性が出てきます。そうなると、気付かないうちに融資の受けられない状態となってしまいます。ブラック登録されており、なおかつどうしてもお金が必要となると、闇金に行き着いてしまう可能性も出てくるでしょう。事実、債務整理を扱う法律事務所では、闇金相談も少なくないようです。

こうした理由から、借金問題に対応する法律事務所は広く増えてきています。法的なサポートのもと債務整理をおこなえば、こうした負担も軽減できるかもしれません。軽減どころか、お金が返ってくるケースも存在するようです。借金に悩んだら、まずは法律のプロフェッショナルである法律事務所に相談してみてはいかがでしょう。

L’article 1er in fine du protocole n° 7 sur les privilèges et immunités de l’Union européenne doit être interprété en ce sens que l’autorisation préalable de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne n’est pas nécessaire lorsqu’un tiers engage une procédure de saisie-arrêt d’une créance auprès d’un organisme relevant d’un État membre et ayant une dette correspondante envers le débiteur du tiers, bénéficiaire de fonds octroyés aux fins de l’exécution de projets cofinancés par le Fonds social européen.

en lire plus

Professor Ronald Brand has recently posted a paper titled “Recognition of Foreign Judgments in China: The Liu Case and the ‘Belt and Road’ Initiative.” The posting includes an English translation of the first Chinese case to recognize and enforce a U.S. judgment, prepared by Yuting Xu. The combined paper and case translation are available here.

By way of a brief summary, in June, 2017, the Wuhan Intermediate People’s Court became the first Chinese court to recognize a U.S. judgment in the case of Liu Li v. Tao Li & Tong Wu. The Liu case is a significant development in Chinese private international law, but represents more than a single decision in a single case. It is one piece of a developing puzzle in which the law on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in China is a part of a larger set of developments. These developments are inextricably tied to the “One Belt and One Road,” or “Belt and Road” Initiative first announced by Chinese President Xi Jinping on a visit to Kazakhstan in 2013. This article traces the development of the Liu case, from the first judgment in California to the decision to recognize and enforce that judgment in Wuhan, China. It then provides the context within which the decision on recognition and enforcement was made, and the way the decision fits within President Xi’s “Belt and Road” Initiative and the pronouncements of the Chinese People’s Supreme Court which have encouraged the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments as part of that Initiative.

Entreprise en difficulté (Loi du 26 juillet 2005)

In [2018] EWHC 1343 (Comm) Nori Holdings v Otkritie  Males J follows exactly the same line as mine in commenting on West Tankers – specifically the bodged attempt in Brussels I Recast to accommodate the concerns over West Tankers’ sailing the Brussels I ship way too far into arbitral shores.

For my general discussion of the issues see here. A timeline:

• When the Council came up with its first draft of what became more or less verbatim the infamous recital 12 I was not enthusiastic.
• When Wathelet AG in his Opinion in Gazprom suggested recital 12 did overturn West Tankers, I was not convinced. (Most of those supporting this view read much into recital 12 first para’s instruction that the Regulation does not impede courts’ power ‘from referring the parties to arbitration’).
• Indeed the CJEU’s judgment in Gazprom did not commit itself either way (seeing as it did not entertain the new Regulation).
• Cooke J was on the right track in Toyota v Prolat: in his view the Recast did not change West Tankers.
• Males J confirms: West Tankers is still good authority. At 69 ff he does not just point out that Wathelet was not followed by the Court. 92 ff he adds five more reasons not to follow the suggestion that West Tankers has been overruled. He concludes ‘that there is nothing in the Recast Regulation to cast doubt on the continuing validity of the decision in West Tankers (Case C-185/07) [2009] AC 1138 which remains an authoritative statement of EU law’.

I agree.

Geert.

(Handbook of) EU Private International Law, 2nd ed. 2016, Heading 2.2.2.10.2.

The UM Macao Distinguished Visiting Scholar (MDS), established by University of Macau (UM) under the UM Macao Talent Program, aims to attract established scholars to conduct inter/multi-disciplinary research activities with UM faculty members or to promote joint research projects/publications.

Qualifications:

– Associate Professor or above from prestigious universities or research institutions (e.g. top 200 universities of recognized world university rankings or Project 985/211 universities in Mainland China).

– Proven track records in related fields of expertise.

Honorarium and Duration:

– Maximum honorarium of MOP100,000 (around 10, 000 Euros, taxable).

– Agreed visiting period with the hosting faculty.

– University accommodation will be provided.

Application Procedures and Deadline

– Fill in the attached application form “MacaoTalentProgram_AppForm_VisitingScholar” and provide the necessary materials (e.g. copy of identity card/passport, detailed curriculum vitae and visiting plan etc.).

– Submit all application materials to “rdao@umac.mo” (in PDF format).

1st batch: on or before 31/05/2018

2nd batch: on or before 30/09/2018

For any enquiries, please contact us via e-mail to “ummtp@umac.mo” or phone (853) 8822 4388 / 8822 4389 / 8822 4311.

The UM Macao Post-doctoral Fellowship (MPF), established by University of Macau (UM) under the UM Macao Talent Program, aims to attract high-calibre PhD graduates for faculties to sustain and strengthen their research capabilities and build up areas of expertise.

Qualifications:

– PhD graduates from reputable universities in the past 1-2 years (e.g. top 200 universities of recognized world university rankings or Project 985/211 universities in Mainland China).

– Outstanding research achievements with proven publication records, patents, etc. in previous research experience.

Honorarium and Duration:

– Monthly remuneration of MOP40,000 (around 4,000 Euros, taxable).

– Annual conference and research related trips allowance of MOP20,000.

– Maximum contract period of 2 years*.

– On campus accommodation will be available at own expense.

* Working permit must be obtained for non-local resident before commence their duties.

Application Procedures and Deadline

– Fill in the attached application form “MacaoTalentProgram_AppForm_PostDoc” and provide the necessary materials (e.g. copy of PhD certification, identity card/passport, detailed curriculum vitae and letter of reference/recommendation etc.).

– Submit all application materials to “rdao@umac.mo” (in PDF format).

1st batch: on or before 31/05/2018

2nd batch: on or before 30/09/2018

For any enquiries, please contact us via e-mail to “ummtp@umac.mo” or phone (853) 8822 4388 / 8822 4389 / 8822 4311.

1. Background and Purpose

The UM Macao PhD Scholarship (MPDS) was established by the University of Macau (UM) in 2018, which aims at attracting excellent students in the world to pursue their PhD programmes in the UM.

2. Eligibility and Application Process

Bachelor or master students from reputable schools(e.g., top 200 universities of any recognized world university rankings or Project 985/211 universities in Mainland China are preferable), who are seeking admission as new full-time PhD students in the UM, irrespective of their country of origin, prior work experience and ethnic background, should be eligible to apply.

Applicants are required to select full-time PhD programmes of the UM. They are required to submit application for the MPDS directly at the time when submitting the online application to PhD programmes via the online application system. Whether applicants will be selected as scholarship recipient is subject to final decision made by the UM.

The MPDS application deadlines are as follows.

Academic Year 2019/2020
MPDS Application Period
01 June 2018 – 31 October 2018
01 November 2018 -30 April 2019

3. Amount and Duration

The MPDS provides each awardee of the Scholarship with a monthly stipend of MOP20,000 (around 2000 Euros) and a conference and research related travel allowance1 of MOP10,000 per academic year for a period up to four years. Tuition and/or any other kinds of fees that may incur during the course of studies of the awardee will not be covered by the Scholarship.

For more details, please refer to Guidelines for UM Macao PhD Scholarship which is available at http://www.umac.mo/grs/en/admissions_scholarship.php.

For enquiry, please contact us via email at ummtp@umac.mo or by phone at (853) 8822 4898.

Pourvoi c/ Chambre de l'instruction de la cour d'appel de Riom, 05 décembre 2017

Pourvoi c/ Cour d'appel de Toulouse - 3e chambre, 08 janvier 2018

Pourvoi c/ Cour d'appel de Paris - chambre 5-12, 31 janvier 2018

Pourvoi c/ Chambre de l'instruction de la cour d'appel de Versailles, 6 février 2018