Flux européens

Randstad Italia
DFON
Le droit de l’Union ne s’oppose pas à ce que la juridiction suprême de l’ordre judiciaire d’un État membre ne puisse annuler un arrêt rendu en violation de ce droit par la juridiction suprême de l’ordre administratif de cet État membre

Gtflix Tv
Espace de liberté, sécurité et justice
Diffusion de propos prétendument dénigrants sur Internet : l’indemnisation du préjudice qui en résulte sur le territoire d’un État membre peut être demandée auprès des juridictions de cet État membre

Azurair e.a.C-188/20, C-196/20 et C-270/20,C-263/20 Airhelp,C-395/20 Corendon Airlines
Transport
Un vol doit être considéré comme « annulé » lorsque le transporteur aérien effectif avance celui-ci de plus d’une heure

Euro Box Promotion e.a.,C-379/19 DNA- Serviciul Teritorial Oradea, C-547/19 Asociaţia « Forumul Judecătorilor din România », C-811/19 FQ e.a., C-840/19 NC
Droit institutionnel
Le droit de l’Union s’oppose à l’application d’une jurisprudence de la Cour constitutionnelle dans la mesure où celle-ci, combinée avec les dispositions nationales en matière de prescription, crée un risque systémique d’impunité

Bank Melli Iran
Libre circulation des capitaux
L’interdiction posée par le droit de l’Union de se conformer aux sanctions secondaires prises par les États-Unis contre l’Iran peut être invoquée dans un procès civil

Renouvellement du mandat de M. Alfredo Calot Escobar en qualité de greffier de la Cour de justice

Aldricus – Tak bisa dipungkiri, kebhidupan kita saat ini cukup bergantung pada HP. Tak heran jika gadget yang satu ini tidak bisa dipisahkan dalam segala aktifitas kita sehari-hari. Karena itulah penting untuk memberikan perlindungan pada HP kesayanganmu. Di sini, yang kalian butuhkan adalah asuransi HP.

Apa Itu Asuransi HP?

Asuransi ini (asuransi smartphone) merupakan asuransi yang akan memberi ganti rugi dan perlindungan produk elektronik yang dibeli dengan harga tertentu, baik jika ponselmu hilang ataupun rusak. Jika HPmu hilang atau rusak, pihak asuransi akan memberi ganti rugi. Biasanya, kalian akan mendapatkan penawaran asuransi ini Ketika membeli HP baru. Namun, kalian juga bisa mendapatkannya dari perusahaan asuransi seperti PasarPolis.

Kenapa Butuh Asuransi ini?

Dengan asuransi smartphone, kalian dapat melindungi HP kesayangan dari berbagai kemungkinan resiko. Selain itu, kalian juga dapat menghemat waktu dari semua proses transaksi, status, aplikasi, sampai pengecekan online dengan sistem terintegrasi.

Pihak asuransi ini akan memberi data lengkap tentang polis & cara klaim yang simple. Dengan begitu, mobilitas kalian tak akan terganggu apabila harus mengurus klaim. Bahkan, kalian juga dapat memperoleh referensi dari produk asuransi & pembelian lewat toko online.

Perlindungan Layar HP

Asuransi smartphone menawarkan berbagai macam perlindungan. Salah satunya adalah perlindungan layar HP. Seperti kita semua tahu, berbagai model HP saat ini menggunakan layar sentuh. Artinya, layar HP menjadi salah satu bagian terpenting yang harus dilindungi dari resiko retak dan pacah. Itulah kenapa kalian memerlukan asuransi smartphone yang memberi perlindungan pada layar HP.

Efek Negatif Layar HP Retak

Layar HP yang retak/pecah bisa menimbulkan efek negative. Salah satunya adalah jari mudah terluka, lebih lagi kalau kalian suka main game di HP. Selain itu, retak atau pecahnya layar HP juga meningkatkan resiko penyakit mata. Satu lagi, layar HP yang retak/pecah juga membuat pancara radiasi membesar.

Untuk menghindari berbagai efek negative itu, kalian memerlukan asuransi HP. Selain memberikan perlindungan pada layar, asuransi smartphone juga bisa meliputi pemulihan data berharga, penggantian unit baru, dan menghemat pengeluaran.

The post Asuransi HP untuk Melindungi Smartphone Kesayanganmu appeared first on Aldri Blog.

Openbaar Ministerie (Tribunal établi par la loi dans l’État membre d’émission)
DFON
Refus d’exécution d’un mandat d’arrêt européen : l’avocat général Rantos précise les critères permettant à une autorité judiciaire d’exécution d’apprécier le risque éventuel d’ingérence du pouvoir exécutif dans les affaires concernant les personnes recherchées

Fiat Chrysler Finance Europe / Commission, Irlande / Commission e.a
Aide d'État
Décision fiscale anticipative (tax ruling) : l’avocat général Priit Pikamäe propose à la Cour d'accueillir le recours introduit par l'Irlande et d’annuler la décision de la Commission déclarant l’aide mise à exécution par le Luxembourg en faveur de Fiat comme étant incompatible avec le marché intérieur

Openbaar Ministerie (Tribunal établi par la loi dans l’État membre d’émission)
DFON
Refus d’exécution d’un mandat d’arrêt européen : l’avocat général Rantos précise les critères permettant à une autorité judiciaire d’exécution d’apprécier le risque éventuel d’ingérence du pouvoir exécutif dans les affaires concernant les personnes recherchées

AB e.a. (Révocation d’une amnistie)
Espace de liberté, sécurité et justice
Le principe ne bis in idem ne s’oppose pas à l’émission d’un mandat d’arrêt européen contre les personnes accusées d’avoir enlevé le fils d’un ancien président slovaque

Stolichna obshtina, rayon "Pancharevo"
Citoyenneté européenne
Enfant mineur citoyen de l’Union dont l’acte de naissance établi par l’État membre d’accueil désigne comme ses parents deux personnes de même sexe : l’État membre dont il est ressortissant est obligé de lui délivrer une carte d’identité ou un passeport, sans requérir l’établissement préalable d’un acte de naissance par ses autorités nationales

On 1 December 2021, the HCCH held an online event focused on contemporary issues relating to the application of the 2005 Choice of Court Convention. The recordings are available at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1pVCqvmzyM&list=PLL3fQvUXrbUH0PwGssTjuJ55qOCiEcgNW

On 8 November 2021, the HCCH Working Group on Preventing and Addressing Illicit Practices in Intercountry Adoption met with a view to developing a Toolkit aimed at preventing and addressing illicit practices in intercountry adoptions made under the 1993 Adoption Convention.
The report of the Group is available at https://assets.hcch.net/docs/35d8530a-b5bd-4330-b2fc-abda099e7f6b.pdf

In a decision of 26 October 2021 (RG 20/04526), the ICCP applies Rome II to acts of unfair competition resulting from the use by a Polish company of a forbidden product to increase the longetivity of fresh fruit salads sold in France :

« Sur la responsabilité de la société FRUCTOFRESH
Sur la loi applicable
94-Conformément à l’article 6 du Règlement CE n° 864 /2007 sur la loi applicable aux obligations non contractuelles, dit Rome II, qui s’applique dans les situations comportant un conflit de lois, aux obligations non contractuelles relevant de la matière civile et commerciale « la loi applicable à une obligation non contractuelle résultant d’un acte de concurrence déloyale est celle du pays sur le territoire duquel les relations de concurrence ou les intérêts collectifs des consommateurs sont affectés ou susceptibles de l’être. »

95- En l’espèce, les actes de concurrence déloyales allégués concernent le territoire français de telle sorte que le droit français dont l’application est commandée par les dispositions du Règlement précité est en conséquence applicable ce que les parties ne contestent pas ».

Résumé : « A judgment from the Créteil Commercial Court of the 4th February 2020, which rejected the unfair competition claim brought by Déli, a French fresh fruits salad distributor against Fructofresh, a Polish company which distributes the same kind of products in France, was partially overturned by the Paris Court of Appeal.

After ascertaining that French law was applicable to these tort claims, the Court decided, based on the exhibits produced that there were enough serious, precise and concurrent elements that Fructofresh had added in their products, between 2013 and 2016, a preservative forbidden by European regulation which is known as velcorin. This preservative allowed said company to extend the preservation period of fruit salads from 10 to 14 days.

The Court did not acknowledge Bharlev’s liability, another competitor, since there was no evidence of the product’s commercialisation. The Court acknowledged the discontinuance of Déli’s claims against the German distributor Drinkstar which sold the preservative to Fructofresh.

The court forbidden the Polish company to commercialise its products containing the prohibited preservative in France, and granted Déli’s claim for financial compensation which was calculated on the loss of profit during the dereferencing period by its client Pomona, which granted the tender to Fructofresh in 2016 ».

Source : https://www.cours-appel.justice.fr/paris/26102021-ccip-ca-rg-2004526-pratiques-anticoncurrentielles

In a decision of 19 October 2021 (RG 20/03074), the ICCP recalled Recital 13 Rome I, and applied its Article 3 in favour of French law (with URDG 758 as part of the contractual rules)

Résumé : « In this case, the ICCP-CA was seized of an appeal against a judgment of the Paris Commercial Court which had sentenced the Egyptian bank SAIB to carry out its obligation of counter-guarantee in favor of the British bank ABC. The British bank, first rank guarantor of an Egyptian importer CDCM, had paid to the French beneficiary Peugeot the amount of the unpaid invoices corresponding to the imported vehicles, and claimed the payment of said amount in execution of its counter-guarantee to the Egyptian bank.

The bank SAID refused to execute the payment, disputing the validity of the guarantee claim on the grounds that some invoices had already been paid and that the amount claimed was therefore incorrect.

The Court, in application of French law, the law chosen by the parties, and of the Uniform Rules of Guarantee on First Demand n° 758 to which the parties had referred to in their agreement, rejected SAIB bank’s exceptions of non-performance in application of the guarantee’s independence from the initial contract, which does not depend on the guarantee’s qualification of either a first demand guarantee or a stand-by letter of credit (SBLC), the Anglo-Saxon variation of the independent guarantee.

The Court held that the bank’s argument to refuse payment actually amounted to reintroduce into the debate, under the guise of the document’s conformity, the contract’s payment exceptions, which are not enforceable (§46).

The Court did not accept the exception of fraud, a new exception on appeal for which the conditions provided for in article 2321 of the French civil code were not met (§51). The decision of the first judges was therefore entirely confirmed »

Source: https://www.cours-appel.justice.fr/paris/19102021-ccip-ca-rg-2003074-jugement-du-tribunal-de-commerce-de-paris-execution-dune-contre

In a decision of 19 October 2021 (RG 20/02342), the ICCP made an interesting application of an accord procédural in favour of the lex fori, which bypasses the application of Rome I in the eyes of the Court.

Résumé : « In this case for liability due to the sudden termination of an established commercial relationship, the ICCP-CA decided that a company which executed a contract signed by its subsidiary after the latter’s liquidation had an established relationship for the entire duration of the commercial relationship. The durability of business was characterized by the continuation of a former relationship. The court ruled that, in consideration of the five year contractual relationship, the six month notice period was sufficient and therefore, there were no sudden termination.

In relation to the alleged termination of the exclusive commercial agency contract, the ICCP-CA held that the continuation of a commercial relationship established after the termination of the contract did not have as an effect to maintain the contractual exclusivity clause, unless ascertained otherwise by the parties, which was not demonstrated by them in this case, the company having terminated said clause before the term of the contract ».

Source: https://www.cours-appel.justice.fr/paris/19102021-ccip-ca-rg-2002342-contrat-distribution-exclusive

On 19 October 2021, HCCH organised an event to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the HCCH 1996 Child Protection Convention. The recordings are available here

Athena Capital Fund Sicav-Fis SCA & Ors v Secretariat of State for the Holy See [2021] EWHC 3166 (Comm) features as defendant the Secretariat of State of the Holy See  (not the Holy See itself), and relates to a fraud and embezzlement claim of property in Chelsea, London.

Defendant says that from the perspective of Claimants, the purpose and intention of bringing these proceedings is to try to influence the criminal process in Italy, and/or the publicity emanating from the criminal process.

For its jurisdictional challenge, defendant argues [81] i) The claim was not a “civil and commercial matter” within the meaning of A1(1) BIa; ii) one of the claimants was not a party to the relevant Sale and Purchase Agreement (SPA) and could not rely upon it [this was summarily dealt with [88] by suggesting an amendment of claim] and, more forcefully, (iii) Defendant was not a party to the SPA for the purposes of A25 BIa.

Salzedo J justifiably in my view held [84] that

whether the claim is a civil or commercial matter does not turn on the subjective intentions of the claimant as to the ultimate effect that a claim might have on its interests, but on an objective reading of the claim itself and the relief that it seeks from the court. On that basis, it is a claim for declarations against the Defendant concerning the Defendant’s entry into commercial transactions with the Claimants.

and that the transaction was not entered into by the Defendant in the purported exercise of public powers: [86]

The Transaction was one that any private person could have entered into if it had the requisite funds. Nothing that was essential to the Transaction required sovereign powers to enter it and nothing that the Defendant did or purported to do was in the exercise of public authority.

As for the defendant not being a party to the SPA, the context here is whether a party involved in the signing accepted the SPA and its choice of court as an agent of the defendant. The judge, confirming the parties’ consensus, points out that that agency issue befalls to be addressed by English law. It is not said why that is the case however it is of course the result of the amended A25 – as others before it, however, the court does not complete the lex fori prorogati analysis with the recital 20 in fine mandated renvoi. On the agency issue the judge holds there is a good arguable case that the relevant agent did bind the defendant.

Next [103] ff follows a CPR-heavy discussion on the amendment of the claim form, seeing as the claimants erroneously assumed [120] that BIa was not engaged as the Vatican is not party to Brussels Ia. At [123] the conclusion is that the claim form may be amended and that defendants’ time spent in dealing with the service out issues under the common law (a wasted exercise as BIa applied), may be met in the costs order.

Once the A25 point rejected, there would have been a most narrow window for any kind of stay, yet the defendants try anyways, with [129] a series of abuse and case management arguments. One particularly poignant one is that the proceedings would interfere with a criminal proceeding. After discussion the judge [159] dismisses the idea on the facts, seeing as none of the declarations sought would involve any assertion as to what does or does not amount to criminality as a matter of the law of the Vatican State.

[163] ff discusses the abuse of process issue which the defendants, I understand, presented more or less as being integrated into the criminal procedure element, discussed above. That was wise, for abuse of process, while entertained among others in Vedanta, is arguably noli sequitur in a BIa claim. [Support for the alternative view here was sought [172ff] in Messier-Dowty v Sabena SA[2000] 1 WLR 2040]

The case-management stay proper is discussed 192 ff with reference ia to Municipio, and Mad Atelier. The judge in current case is very aware of not re-introducing through the back door what CJEU Owusu shut the front door on. He summarily discussed the possibility anyway, only to reject it.

An interesting case.

Geert.

1/2 Jurisdiction. Fraud, embezzlement re investments by the Holy See.
Held claim is within scope of Brussels Ia; A25 choice of court applies despite claimants' late recourse to that ground; no stay on grounds that proceedings would interfere with foreign criminal proceeding. pic.twitter.com/7OXCsiOkUJ

— Geert Van Calster (@GAVClaw) December 1, 2021

Bitar v Banque Libano-Francaise S.A.L. [2021] EWHC 2787 (QB) discusses whether a Lebanese bank could be considered to have ‘directed’ its activities at the UK under the CJEU Pammer Alphenhof criteria, thus triggering the consumer section of the (acquired) EU Brussels Ia Regulation.

Kent DJ held it had: claimant’s arguments are at [29] ff, purporting to build evidence of a chain of marketing aimed at the expat Lebanese community. They show the importance of information put on websites, often made to look more glamorous by the addition of elements such as links to England and London in particular.  The judge is on point I find where he dismisses the singular relevance of the use of English etc in a world where every Tom Dick and Harry put that on their website. However he does conclude [65]

the website pages to which I have referred which were visible from the United Kingdom do indeed give the impression to a fair-minded observer—and I would say quite a strong impression—that the Bank was interested in obtaining custom from the expatriate Lebanese community in whichever part of the world not insignificant numbers of those who can be treated as falling within that expression were gathered and that in 2014 did include England. 

Geert.

EU private international law, 3rd ed. 2021, Heading 2.2.9.2.7, 2.270 ff

Bitar v Banque Libano-Francaise [2021] EWHC 2787 (QB) (20 October 2021)
Unsuccessful application for finding of lack of jurisdiction
Application of retained EU law on consumer contracts, Brussels Ia
Whether Bank 'directed' its activities at the UKhttps://t.co/bLQ9dfI2AV

— Geert Van Calster (@GAVClaw) October 25, 2021