As I noted when I signalled the reference, the French Supreme Court in C-251/20 GtFlix has not referred the question whether Bolagsupplysningen is good authority for acts of unfair competition between competitors. Rather, it queries whether Bolagsupplysningen means that a claimant who requests both rectification /retraction and damages, has to necessarily turn to courts with full jurisdiction or whether they can continue to turn for the damages part, to all courts with locus damni jurisdiction.
Hogan AG in his Opinion a few weeks ago right up to (94) revisits the wisdom of applying Shevill’s Handlungsort/Erfolgort distinction and the possibility of using GtFlix to overturn. I agree that this is not the case to do it. (On the CJEU and overturning its authority, see excellently the departing Bobek AG in C‑205/20).
At 95 he then essentially requalifies and answers the question which the SC had not referred. The action at the French courts is one in dénigrement, which is a form of malicious falsehood which, the AG suggests, does not call into question the Bolagsupplysningen line of cases but rather Tibor Trans and the cases before it.
An action relating to an infringement of unfair competition law may be brought before the courts of any Member State where that act caused or may cause damage within the jurisdiction of the court seised. Where the market affected by the anticompetitive conduct is in the Member State on whose territory the alleged damage is purported to have occurred, that Member State must be regarded as the place where the damage occurred for the purposes of applying Article 7(2) (99). A final reference at (102) ff is to the applicable law level under (Article 6) Rome II.
Should the CJEU follow, one of the left-over questions following Bolagsupplysningen will not be answered, yet another issue on falsehoods spread between competitors, will.
Geert.
(Handbook of) European private international law, 2nd ed. 2016, Chapter 2, Heading 2.2.11.2
Aldricus – Hal penting yang perlu kalian ketahui jika ingin melakukan impor barang dari luar negri adalah menentukan pemasok diluar negri atas dasar apa kalian membayar barang dengan harga sejumlah tersebut. Jika kalian melakukan impor barang dari Korea maka kalian bisa memilih jasa kirim barang terpercaya agar kalian tidak kena tipu saat melakukan pembelian barang impor. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi kalian untuk mengetahui prosedur impro barang yang ada di Indonesia sebelum melakukan pemesanan barang dari luar negriagar sesuai dengan yang ada di Indonesia.
Cara mudah impor barang dari koreaAda beberapa cara yang bisa kalian lakukan untuk melakukan impor dari Korea. Cara impor ini bisa dilakukan lebih mudah jika kalian mengajak perusahaan penyedia jasa impor yang ada. Selain itu, kalian juga perlu menyiapkan dokumen barang yang masuk ke Indonesia sehingga tidak dicurigai sebagai barang gelap. Setelah memahami prosedur pengiriman maka hal lain yang perlu kalian lakukan adalah dengan menentukan sistem transaksi yang digunakan. Dalam bisnis ekspor impor, setidaknya ada beberapa istilah yang wajib kalian ketahui seperti FOB, CIF, DDP, FAS, dan lain sebagainya.
Setelah itu selesai, impor barang dari Korea bisa kalian lakukan dengan memilih jasa pengiriman yang tepat. Ada banyak sekali jasa impor barang dari Korea dan umumnya ada 3 cara impor barang yang bisa dilakukan yaitu melalui darat, laut, atau udara. Semua ini bisa dilakukan dan akan mempengaruhi estimasi waktu dan biaya yang harus dikeluarkan dan tentu pengiriman barang melalui laut bisa memakan waktu yang lebih lama dibandingkan dengan udara. Jika kalian bingung saat melakukan pemilihan jasa pengiriman barang, kalian bisa mengunjungi kami di kilo.id yang merupakan salah satu jasa pengiriman barang di Korea yang paling murah tanpa tambahan biaya untuk kurir dan mampu mengirimkan barang lebih cepat aman, dan terjamin tiba tepat waktu.
Sistem perhitungan impor barang dari KoreaSebenarnya, peritungan barang pengiriman tidaklah berbeda dengan pengiriman barang lokal. Akan tetapi, penteing bagi kalian untuk mengetahui rumus perhitungan volume untuk mengetahui berat volumentrik ekspedisi internasional. Tentu saja rumusnya adalah panjang x lebar x tinggi : 5000. Semisal kalian memiliki berat barang aktual 50 kg, maka berat volumentrik 40 kg, breat aktual 50 kg lah yang dijadikan dasar biaya kirim. Oleh karena itu, kalian perlu memikirkan hal tersebut sehingga bisa mengurangi biaya kirim paket dari Korea.
Ada banyak keunguglan yang bisa kalian dapatkan di Kilo.Id karena mereka mampu impor barang dari Korea dengan cepat. Hal itu bukan hanya janji pengiriman saja karena memang cukup cepat. Tidak sampai disitu karena disini kalian juga akan lebih mudah saat mengirimkan barang dan lebih m urah serta efisien.
The post Tips Mudah Impor Barang Dari Korea appeared first on Aldri Blog.
The CJEU yesterday held in C-581/20 Toto. I discussed the AG’s Opinion earlier. Gilles Cuniberti in his analysis engages critically with the Court’s replies to the interim measures issues, Krzysztof Pacula’s review looks at the other questions asked, too. All in all, the Court’s engagement with the issues is under par.
The CJEU first of all holds that despite the instrument of public procurement, the case does not involve acta iure imperii (and notes [42] that the current procedure has been brought entirely under ordinary civil procedure rules). This is simply an ordinary spat between contracting parties on the exercise of a straightforward construction contract. With reference to Rina and in particular Supreme Site Services, the Court [45] confirms that lex fori rules on immunity do not as such exclude the qualification of ‘civil and commercial’. As we have already experienced in the final, national judgment in Kuhn, the CJEU’s approach to see immunity, closely linked to public international law, distinct from the private international law notion of ‘civil and commercial’, quickly becomes nugatory in litigation practice. Neither does that approach answer the referring court’s question whether if the matter does fall within Brussels Ia, the ordinarily applicable Bulgarian rule that no such relief may be ordered against public authorities, must be set aside.
On the issue of provisional measures, the AG saw a plausible way forward by a fairly standard application of the lis pendens rules (A29 ff) and by assessing the definitiveness of the measure and the impact of that assessment on the recognition, or not, of the decision of the court with subject-matter jurisdiction. The CJEU however merely emphasises the lack of formal hierarchy, in Brussels Ia, between the courts with subject-matter jurisdiction and those with jurisdiction for provisional measures. It concludes [60] that the latter are not bound to dismiss jurisdiction merely because a court with subject-matter jurisdiction has been either seized or has held in interim proceedings. It could certainly have found support in the Regulation’s intention to, and provisions designed for, avoid(ing) conflicting decisions.
Geert.
EU Private International law, 3rd ed 2021, 2.512ff, 2.550 ff, 5.584 ff.
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